PCOS & PMOS: More than just a reproductive condition
PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a common hormonal condition that affects women throughout their reproductive years and can continue to impact their health later in life. PCOS can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, with some women experiencing anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and/or negative body image.
It is estimated that 10-13% of women worldwide have PCOS, yet up to 70% of those affected remain undiagnosed.
And unfortunately, PCOS also runs in families, and starts as early as during teenage years. That’s why early awareness can change lives.
Many people still think PCOS is only an ovarian or reproductive condition. However, health experts are currently using the term PMOS (Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome) to provide a better understanding of the syndrome and its broader impact on hormonal, metabolic, and long-term health.
Furthermore, the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of PMOS, updated with the new PMOS terminology in 2026, emphasizes that PMOS should be understood and managed as a complex, whole-body health condition rather than focusing only on reproductive health. The guideline highlights the importance of proper evaluation and diagnosis, as well as paying attention to women’s metabolic and cardiovascular health, mental well-being and quality of life, healthy lifestyle habits, reproductive and menstrual health, and long-term health needs. It also encourages patient education and shared decision-making, helping women better understand their condition and take an active role in decisions about their health.
Recognizing PMOS as a whole-body health condition can encourage earlier screening and better management and ultimately help reduce the risks of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic conditions.
Women may also recognize unusual signs or changes that could be related to PMOS, such as irregular or missed periods, unusual hair growth, acne, unexplained weight changes, hair thinning or hair loss, or difficulty getting pregnant. Additionally, other symptoms, such as high blood sugar levels, constant tiredness, poor-quality sleep, and difficulty staying awake during the day, are also experienced by some women.
Recognizing these symptoms early and seeking medical advice can help support timely diagnosis and proper management.
Therefore, developing healthy menstrual health habits and becoming more aware of one’s menstrual cycle are essential steps in supporting women’s overall health and well-being. Women are encouraged to track their periods regularly and consistently and paying attention to changes in their menstrual cycle (irregular, missed, unusually heavy, or painful periods). Furthermore, maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, getting sufficient rest, and managing stress can also be key factors to improve their overall and menstrual health.
By understanding what is normal for their own bodies and recognizing unusual symptoms or persistent changes, women may be better able to identify potential health concerns and seek medical advice when necessary.
